1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 up-regulates TLR10 while down-regulating TLR2, 4, and 5 in human monocyte THP-1.

Highlights: [•] Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) is the only orphan receptor among 10 human TLRs. [•] TLR10 has been proposed to have a different function in signaling from those other TLRs. [•] TLR10 expression of human monocytes was examined in response to 1,25(OH)2D3. [•] TLR10 expression was differentially regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 via VDR/RXR-α. [•] TLR10 may function differently from other known surface TLRs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]