Main factors affecting the lifetime of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells in vehicle applications: A review.

Highlights: [•] Reviewed the PEMFC life degradation during the durability tests and its consequences. [•] Reviewed the water management problems: causes, consequence and mitigation methods. [•] Reviewed the reactant starvation issues: causes, consequence and mitigation methods. [•] Reviewed the effects of the operating parameters on PEMFC dynamic response. [•] The conclusion is a guidance for future research of prolong PEM fuel cell life time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]