Modelling ex-ante the economic and environmental impacts of Genetically Modified Herbicide Tolerant maize cultivation in Europe.

Highlights: [•] The ex-ante adoption and impact of herbicide tolerant maize in Europe is modelled. [•] Scenarios include different herbicide programs to address possible weed resistance. [•] The model predicts high economic benefits of GMHT maize for most EU farmers. [•] Environmental impacts are not straightforward positive and vary across countries. [•] Guidelines are required to assure a sustainable introduction of the technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]