Chloroquine synergizes sunitinib cytotoxicity via modulating autophagic, apoptotic and angiogenic machineries.

Highlights: [•] Chloroquine synergizes sunitinib cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. [•] Chloroquine blocks sunitinib-induced autophagy. [•] Decreased survivin and increased caspase 3 activity partly explain this synergy. [•] Chloroquine enhances the anti-angiogenic effect of sunitinib. [•] Sunitinib–chloroquine combination increases nitric oxide and reduces ROS levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]