Part I: A New Framework for Modeling and Tracing of Bilateral Transactions and the Corresponding Loop Flows in Multi-Control Area Power Networks.

This paper introduces a novel multi-control area framework for explicit modeling, managing, and accounting of simultaneous bilateral transactions with specified contract paths. Our framework provides a modular and multi-layered electrical network representation with zooming-in and zooming-out capabilities. The zoomed-out representation concerns interconnections and inter-area transactions, while the zoomed-in representation concerns a single area and its internal transactions. The framework allows explicit modeling of bilateral transactions with contract paths through a transformation of a meshed electrical network into a spanning tree. Loop flows are introduced to represent a deviation between the contract paths of bilateral transactions and physical line flows. The effects of both intra-area and inter-area bilateral transactions and loop flows can be graphically traced in the framework. Moreover, these tracing methods allocate bilateral transactions to line flows and loop flows, essential for accounting and flow control. Our tracing methods differ from the distribution factor based method because the distribution factor matrix handles nodal injections only and it cannot account for contract paths of bilateral transactions and the resulting loop flows. The multi-layered network transformations and tracing methods are illustrated on the IEEE 14-bus system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]