Composition and manufacturing techniques of wallpaper in the Bower of Purest Jade ( Yu cuixuan), The Forbidden City, Beijing, China.

The article discusses the analysis of three layers of wallpaper on the "Yu cuixuan" (Bower of Purest Jade) building in the Qianlong Garden of Ningshou Palace in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. Topics include a discussion of the history of the practice of wallpapering rooms; a discussion of the patterns common to printed wallpaper; and a discussion of analytical methods, such as polarised light microscopy (PLM), staining, Fourier transform infrared microscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.