Saccharum spp. en Brasil. Una revisión.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the benefits and negative effects of cane sugar in Brazil. In 2012, 9,075,388 hectares were harvested, grown in nine soils with critical humidity, 6,350 MJ m-2 year of solar energy, temperature between 30-45 ° C, precipitation between 1.500 to 2.500 mm, growth and 100 mm in plant ripening. Large areas of monoculture cause ecological instability. Infestation of crops with more than 23 species of weeds was detected. The trend is to apply integrated pest management. Harvesting takes place in the period from April to November. For the 2014-2015 harvests, burning will be prohibited in areas where sugarcane mechanized harvesting is practiced and on 2017, for the not mechanized areas. Of the total acreage, the 88.80% of the area can be harvested with machines, which allows for crop residues, between 10-20 t ha-1; this amount of waste is effective for good weed management. The yield loss caused by weeds varies from 10 to 100%; the worst weeds that infest crop residues are Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Convolvulaceae. The seeds can be transported by winds up to 1,000 km, flooding 100 km, erosion 10 km and landslide 1 km., 47 ingredients of herbicides have been registered for controlling weeds in Brazil; of which 823.20 thousand tons were applied to control agricultural pests in 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]