Electrochemical biosensing using hydrogel nanoparticles.

Biology and medicine have seen great advancements in the development of nanobiosensors capable of characterizing and quantifying biomolecules. This review reports a systematic study of the usefulness of hydrogel nanoparticles (HNPs) in the different steps of the electroanalytical process developed in electrochemical biosensing systems. We illustrate the advantages offered by HNPs in detection of analytes with representative recent examples that highlight the scientific interest in widening the use of HNPs in electrochemical biosensing methods. We review different types of HNP-based electrochemical biosensors, such as enzyme, protein, and nucleic acids, in terms of their sensing performance and their potential for future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]