Ocean acidification modulates the response of two Arctic kelps to ultraviolet radiation.

The combined effects of ocean acidification and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been studied in the kelps Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard), two major components of the Arctic macroalgal community, in order to assess their potential to thrive in a changing environment. Overall results revealed synergistic effects, however with a different amplitude in the respective species. Changes in growth, internal N, C:N ratio, pigments, optimum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rates (ETR) following CO 2 enrichment and/or UVR were generally more pronounced in S. latissima than in A. esculenta . The highest growth rates were recorded under simultaneous CO 2 enrichment and UVR in both species. UVR-mediated changes in pigment content were partially prevented under elevated CO 2 in both species. Similarly, UVR led to increased photosynthetic efficiency (α) and ETR only if CO 2 was not elevated in A. esculenta and even under high CO 2 in S. latissima . Increased CO 2 did not inhibit external carbonic anhydrase (eCA) activity in the short-term but in the mid-term, indicating a control through acclimation of photosynthesis rather than a direct inhibition of eCA by CO 2 . The higher benefit of simultaneous CO 2 enrichment and UVR for S. latissima respect to A. esculenta seems to involve higher C and N assimilation efficiency, as well as higher ETR, despite a more sensitive Fv/Fm. The differential responses shown by these two species indicate that ongoing ocean acidification and UVR could potentially change the dominance at lower depths (4–6 m), which will eventually drive changes at the community level in the Arctic coastal ecosystem. These results support an existing consideration of S. latissima as a winner species in the global change scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]