Bradykinin induces vascular contraction after hemorrhagic shock in rats.

Background Bradykinin (BK) has many biological effects in inflammation, allergy, and septic shock. Studies have shown that low doses of BK can induce vascular relaxation and high doses can induce vascular contraction in many pathophysiological conditions, but the role and mechanisms that high doses of BK have on vascular contraction in hemorrhagic shock are not clear. Methods With hemorrhagic-shock rats and hypoxia-treated superior mesenteric artery (SMA), we investigated the role and mechanisms of high doses of BK-induced vascular contraction in hemorrhagic shock. Results High doses of BK (500-50,000 ng/kg in vivo or 10-10 to 10-5 mol/L in vitro) dose dependently induced vascular contraction of SMA and increased the vascular calcium sensitivity in normal and hemorrhagic-shock rats. Less than 10-10 mol/L of BK induced vascular dilation BK-induced increase of vascular contractile response and calcium sensitivity was reduced by denudation of the endothelium, 18α-glycyrrhetic acid (an inhibitor of myoendothelial gap junction) and connexin 43 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. Further studies found that high concentrations of BK-induced vascular contraction in hemorrhagic shock was closely related to the activation of Rho A-Rho kinase pathway and Protein Kinase C (PKC) α and ε. Conclusions High doses of BK can induce vascular contraction in hemorrhagic shock condition, which is endothelium and myoendothelial gap junction dependent. Cx43-mediated activation of Rho A-Rho kinase and Protein Kinase C (PKC) pathway plays a very important role in this process. This finding provided a new angle of view to the biological role of BK in other pathophysiological conditions such as hemorrhagic shock or hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]