Outcome of postchemotherapy surgery after treatment with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in patients with unresectable or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The role of postchemotherapy surgery for patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is controversial. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with patients who underwent postchemotherapy surgery after methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (M-VAC) chemotherapy to assess an impact on long-term survival.
Patients and Methods: This report is based on the retrospective analysis of 203 patients with unresectable primary tumors or metastatic TCC, previously reported in five trials of M-VAC chemotherapy. Fifty patients underwent postchemotherapy surgery for suspected or known residual disease. Characteristics of patients selected for surgery, results of surgery, and the impact of surgery on survival were assessed.
Results: In 17 patients, no viable tumor was found at postchemotherapy surgery, pathologically confirming a complete response to chemotherapy. Three patients had unresectable residual TCC. In 30 patients, residual, viable TCC was completely resected, which resulted in a complete response to chemotherapy plus surgery. Ten (33%) of these 30 patients remained alive at 5 years, similar to results observed for patients who attained a complete response to chemotherapy alone (41%). Analysis by baseline extent of disease suggested that patients with unresectable primary tumors or with metastases restricted to lymph node sites were most likely to survive for 5 years.
Conclusion: Postchemotherapy surgical resection of residual cancer may result in 5-year disease-free survival in some patients who would otherwise succumb to disease. Optimal candidates include patients whose prechemotherapy sites of disease are restricted to the primary or lymph node sites and who have a major response to chemotherapy.