Percutaneous replacement of pulmonary valve in a right-ventricle to pulmonary-artery prosthetic conduit with valve dysfunction.

Background: Valved conduits from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery are frequently used in paediatric cardiac surgery. However, stenosis and insufficiency of the conduit usually occur in the follow-up and lead to reoperations. Conduit stenting can delay surgical replacement, but it aggravates pulmonary insufficiency. We developed an innovative system for percutaneous stent implantation combined with valve replacement.
Methods: A 12-year-old boy with stenosis and insufficiency of a prosthetic conduit from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery underwent percutaneous implantation of a bovine jugular valve in the conduit.
Findings: Angiography, haemodynamic assessment, and echocardiography after the procedure showed no insufficiency of the implanted valve, and partial relief of the conduit stenosis. There were no complications after 1 month of follow-up, and the patient is presently in good physical condition.
Interpretation: We have shown that percutaneous valve replacement in the pulmonary position is possible. With further technical improvements, this new technique might also be used for valve replacement in other cardiac and non-cardiac positions.