Stationary phases for capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography.

An overview of the most recent developments in column technology employed in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC), mainly for the separation of small molecules and ions, is presented. Particular emphasis is laid on permanent coating. The wall modification methods in CE include covalent modification, adsorbed coatings and polymeric coatings, while those in CEC include packed columns, open-tubular columns and fritless columns. A short discussion on the characterization and selectivity of the bonded phases is also given.