Effect of a mother-to-child HIV prevention programme on infant feeding and caring practices in South Africa.

Objectives: To conduct a rapid assessment of the impact of the Khayelitsha Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) programme on infant care practices among programme participants and the local population.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey and qualitative in-depth interviews. SETTING. Khayelitsha, a large formal and informal settlement of about 300,000 people on the outskirts of Cape Town. At the time of the study the HIV seroprevalence rate among antenatal women was about 15% and the MTCT programme had enrolled nearly 800 infected women.
Subjects: Seventy randomly selected caregivers with young children in the survey; in-depth structured interviews with 11 nutrition counsellors and 11 mothers enrolled in the programme.
Results: Caregivers have good knowledge of the spread and prevention of HIV. A majority knew that breast-feeding can transmit HIV but 90% stated that this did not affect their feeding decisions. Over 80% had stopped exclusively breast-feeding by the time their infants were 3 months of age. All of the respondents felt that being diagnosed HIV-positive would result in serious social and domestic consequences. None of the health workers could correctly estimate the risk of spreading HIV through breast-feeding and many reported feeling confused about what they should counsel mothers. All the mothers on the programme reported exclusive formula-feeding. Some had serious problems with preparation and feeding of formula milk. Nearly all reported running out of feeds before being able to fetch new supplies. None reported any negative social effects of not breast-feeding. Most of the mothers endorsed the programme and felt that it had given them strength to face up to and plan for the consequences of their diagnosis.
Conclusion: This rapid appraisal of the infant feeding and care component of the MTCT programme has raised a number of important challenges which health managers and policymakers need to address. Similar assessments in the new pilot sites will be important.