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National maps of the effects of particulate matter on mortality: exploring geographical variation.
- Source :
-
Environmental health perspectives [Environ Health Perspect] 2003 Jan; Vol. 111 (1), pp. 39-44. - Publication Year :
- 2003
-
Abstract
- In this paper, we present national maps of relative rates of mortality associated with short-term exposure to particulate matter < 10 micro m in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)). We report results for 88 of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States from 1987 to 1994 for all-cause mortality, combined cardiovascular and respiratory deaths, and other causes of mortality. Maximum likelihood estimates of the relative rate of mortality associated with PM(10)and the degree of statistical uncertainty were obtained for each of the 88 cities by fitting a separate log-linear regression of the daily mortality rate on air pollution level and potential confounders. We obtained Bayesian estimates of the relative rates by fitting a hierarchical model that takes into account spatial correlation among the true city-specific relative rates. We found that daily variations of PM(10) are positively associated with daily variations of mortality. In particular, the relative rate estimates of cardiovascular and respiratory mortality associated with PM(10) are larger on average than the relative rate estimates of all-cause and other-cause mortality. The estimated increase in the relative rate of death from cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, all-cause mortality, and other-cause mortality were 0.31% (95% posterior interval, 0.15-0.5), 0.22% (95% posterior interval, 0.1-0.38), and 0.13% (95% posterior interval, -0.05 to 0.29), respectively. Bayesian estimates of the city-specific relative rates ranged from 0.23% to 0.35% for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, from 0.18% to 0.27% for all causes, and from 0.10% to 0.20% for other causes of mortality. The spatial characterization of effects across cities offers the potential to identify factors that could influence the effect of PM(10) on health, including particle characteristics, offering insights into mechanisms by which PM(10) causes adverse health effects.
- Subjects :
- Air Pollution statistics & numerical data
Bayes Theorem
Cardiovascular Diseases chemically induced
Cause of Death
Databases as Topic
Geographic Information Systems
Geography statistics & numerical data
Humans
Maps as Topic
Particle Size
Respiratory Tract Diseases chemically induced
Risk Factors
United States epidemiology
Urban Health
Air Pollutants poisoning
Air Pollution adverse effects
Cardiovascular Diseases mortality
Respiratory Tract Diseases mortality
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0091-6765
- Volume :
- 111
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental health perspectives
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 12515677
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5181