Back to Search
Start Over
Pulmonary hemorrhage induced by jararhagin, a metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca snake venom.
- Source :
-
Toxicology and applied pharmacology [Toxicol Appl Pharmacol] 2003 Nov 15; Vol. 193 (1), pp. 17-28. - Publication Year :
- 2003
-
Abstract
- Jararhagin is the most important hemorrhagic component in the venom of the snake Bothrops jararaca, a species of medical importance in South America. It is a P-III zinc-dependent metalloproteinase comprising catalytic, disintegrin-like, and cysteine-rich domains. Jararhagin injected intravenously into mice induced rapid and prominent bleeding in the lungs, whereas other organs were devoid of overt hemorrhagic manifestations. This action depends on the proteolytic activity of jararhagin, since it was abrogated by the synthetic inhibitor batimastat. There were conspicuous ultrastructural alterations in cells at the alveolo-capillary unit, i.e., capillary endothelial cells and type I pneumocytes, with a characteristic pattern of "regional alveolar damage" associated with extravasation. These pathological effects were observed under conditions in which the whole blood clotting time, bleeding time, and fibrinogen levels were not affected. 125I-labeled jararhagin is concentrated mainly in liver and kidneys after iv injection, with little radioactivity observed in the lungs, thereby indicating that the predominance of pulmonary microvascular damage is not due to a preferential concentration of this enzyme in the lungs. Despite the fact that jararhagin is complexed by plasma proteins after iv injection, its hemorrhagic activity was not inhibited by the plasma proteinase inhibitor alpha(2)-macroglobulin, and was only partially reduced by normal mouse serum, suggesting that resistance to inhibition may contribute to its ability to cause pulmonary hemorrhage.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Blood Coagulation
Bothrops metabolism
Crotalid Venoms antagonists & inhibitors
Crotalid Venoms enzymology
Crotalid Venoms isolation & purification
Crotalid Venoms pharmacokinetics
Hemorrhage pathology
Lung Diseases pathology
Metalloendopeptidases antagonists & inhibitors
Metalloendopeptidases isolation & purification
Metalloendopeptidases pharmacokinetics
Mice
Microscopy, Electron
Phenylalanine pharmacology
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors pharmacokinetics
Protease Inhibitors pharmacology
Thiophenes pharmacology
Tissue Distribution
alpha-Macroglobulins pharmacology
Bothrops jararaca Venom
Crotalid Venoms toxicity
Hemorrhage chemically induced
Lung Diseases chemically induced
Metalloendopeptidases toxicity
Phenylalanine analogs & derivatives
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0041-008X
- Volume :
- 193
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Toxicology and applied pharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 14613713
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/s0041-008x(03)00337-5