Comparison of echocardiographic methods in assessing severity of mitral regurgitation in patients with mitral valve prolapse.

Background and Aim of the Study: Mitral regurgitation (MR) shows different characteristics in mitral valve prolapse (MVP); hence, it is important to assess MR severity accurately in these patients. The study aim was to compare Doppler echocardiographic methods in making such assessment.
Methods: Forty-seven patients with confirmed MVP and at least moderate mitral insufficiency, as established by Doppler echocardiography, were studied. Quantitative Doppler was used as the reference standard method. Color Doppler mapping was used to determine regurgitant jet area (JA/LAA), flow convergence (EROA-PISA) and vena contracta width (VCW). Systolic pulmonary venous flow reversal (SPVFR) and mitral E-wave velocity were also monitored.
Results: Univariate analysis showed severe MR to be significantly correlated to age, presence of atrial fibrillation, left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter, mitral E velocity, JA/LAA, VCW, EROA-PISA and the presence of SPVFR. On multivariate analysis, the strongest determinants of severe MR were EROA-PISA, VCW and E velocity. The greatest area under the receiver-operator curve for diagnosing severe MR was observed with EROA-PISA. The 45-mm2 threshold of EROA-PISA had the highest risk ratio of severe MR with a high sum of sensitivity and specificity. However, the JA/LAA had the lowest risk ratio and negative predictive value for severe MR.
Conclusion: PISA, VCW, E velocity and SPVFR measurements may be used to evaluate MR severity semi-quantitatively in patients with MVP; however, the ratio of JA/LAA appears to be a less reliable method in this respect.