Back to Search
Start Over
Nitric oxide, angiotensin II, and hypertension.
- Source :
-
Seminars in nephrology [Semin Nephrol] 2004 Jul; Vol. 24 (4), pp. 366-78. - Publication Year :
- 2004
-
Abstract
- Although initially adaptive, the changes that accompany hypertension, namely, cell growth, endothelial dysfunction, and extracellular matrix deposition, eventually can become maladaptive and lead to end-organ disease such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, and renal failure. A functional imbalance between angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide (NO) plays an important pathogenetic role in hypertensive end-organ injury. NO, an endogenous vasodilator, inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle and mesangial cell growth, and natriuretic agent, is synthesized in the endothelium by a constitutive NO synthase. NO antagonizes the effects of Ang II on vascular tone, cell growth, and renal sodium excretion, and also down-regulates the synthesis of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and Ang II type 1 receptors. On the other hand, Ang II decreases NO bioavailability by promoting oxidative stress. A better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in hypertensive end-organ damage may aid in identifying markers of cardiovascular susceptibility to injury and in developing therapeutic interventions. We propose that those antihypertensive agents that lower blood pressure and concomitantly restore the homeostatic balance of vasoactive agents such as Ang II and NO within the vessel wall would be more effective in preventing or arresting end-organ disease.
- Subjects :
- Angiotensin II drug effects
Animals
Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control
Disease Models, Animal
Endothelium, Vascular drug effects
Endothelium, Vascular physiology
Humans
Hypertension complications
Hypertension drug therapy
Prognosis
Renal Circulation physiology
Renin-Angiotensin System physiology
Risk Factors
Angiotensin II physiology
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use
Cardiovascular Diseases etiology
Hypertension physiopathology
Nitric Oxide metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0270-9295
- Volume :
- 24
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Seminars in nephrology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 15252776
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.04.008