Validating an important aspect of the new ICRP biokinetic model of thorium.

The daily urinary excretion of Th (Th) was estimated in 11 adult German subjects who were not exposed occupationally to thorium and its related compounds. Thirty-one urine samples were collected over 24-h periods on different occasions from these subjects and were analyzed using high resolution sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-SF-ICP-MS). Using this instrument a limit of detection of 20 pg L for thorium in the reagent blank was achieved. The median (mean) daily urinary thorium excretion was obtained as 1.0 (1.8) ng. This was in good agreement with the mean value of 1.5 ng Th (6 microBq) reported by another group for German population, but is significantly lower in comparison to the daily excretion range of 3.6 to 105 ng reported from other countries. The expected daily urinary excretion of thorium for the adult German population was also calculated by applying the new ICRP biokinetic model of thorium assuming reference intake values. The expected urinary thorium excretion rate for this age group is about 0.1 ng per day. Even if a small contribution from the inhalation is considered, the calculated value will be much lower than the measured values. The reason for the disagreement appears to be the use of a low gastrointestinal absorption factor (f1) of 5 x 10 in the ICRP model. Based on the present study, a higher f1 factor might be proposed separately for dietary incorporated thorium.