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Post-ischemic inflammation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
- Source :
-
Neurological research [Neurol Res] 2004 Dec; Vol. 26 (8), pp. 884-92. - Publication Year :
- 2004
-
Abstract
- Ischemic stroke is characterized by the disruption of cerebral blood flow (CBF). This reduction of CBF results in energy failure and secondary biochemical disturbances, eliciting a robust in situ inflammatory response. Post-ischemic inflammation is a dynamic process involving a complicated set of interactions among various inflammatory cells and molecules. The resident inflammatory brain cells, microglia, are especially activated in response to ischemic insults, many of which are regulated by nuclear transcription factor, kappa B (NF-kappaB). As a result, several inflammatory genes are expressed, leading to local generation of various cytokines, which in turn promulgate inflammatory signals. Meanwhile, endothelial cells lining the local cerebral blood vessels are stimulated to produce adhesion molecules, causing the migration of peripheral circulating leukocytes into the compromised brain tissue, an event that amplifies inflammatory signaling cascades. Post-ischemic inflammation appears to serve multiple purposes, depending on its timing and magnitude, as well as the topographic distribution of various inflammatory molecules. Data from experimental manipulations of some inflammatory molecules are yielding insight into therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke. This review focuses on some recent advances regarding the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, the detrimental effects of post-ischemic inflammation and the potential molecular targets for ischemic stroke therapy.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Brain Ischemia genetics
Brain Ischemia therapy
Cell Adhesion Molecules genetics
Cell Adhesion Molecules metabolism
Cyclooxygenase 2
Cytokines genetics
Cytokines metabolism
Humans
Inflammation genetics
Inflammation therapy
Inflammation Mediators therapeutic use
Membrane Proteins
Models, Biological
NF-kappa B genetics
NF-kappa B metabolism
Nitric Oxide metabolism
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases metabolism
Brain Ischemia complications
Inflammation etiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0161-6412
- Volume :
- 26
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Neurological research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 15727272
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1179/016164104X2357