Thermal acclimation of metabolic rate may be seasonally dependent in the subtropical anuran Latouche's frog (Rana latouchii, Boulenger).

We tested the hypothesis that the lack of metabolic thermal acclimation ability in tropical and subtropical amphibians is dependent on season and investigated the effects of body size, sex, time of day, and season on metabolic rates in Rana latouchii. The males were acclimated at 15 degrees, 20 degrees, and 25 degrees C, and their oxygen consumption was measured at 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, and 30 degrees C in all four seasons, with the exception that we did not measure oxygen consumption at 30 degrees C in winter frogs. We also acclimated the males at 30 degrees C in summer for investigating diel variation of metabolic rate. The females were acclimated at 20 degrees and 25 degrees C, and their oxygen consumption was measured at 15 degrees , 20 degrees , 25 degrees , and 30 degrees C in summer. Our results showed that metabolic rates of R. latouchii differed by time of day, season, and acclimation temperature but did not differ by sex if the results were adjusted for differences in body mass. Summer males exhibited a 26%-48% increase in metabolic rates from the lowest values in the seasons. There was a trend of increased oxygen consumption in cold-acclimated males, but it was significant only at 15 degrees and 25 degrees C in summer, autumn, and winter. These results support the hypothesis that thermal acclimation of metabolism is seasonally dependent, which has not been reported in other tropical and subtropical amphibians.