Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz: the discoverer of the variable vascularity of the spinal cord.

The present article contains a brief biography as well as a discussion of the more significant contributions of Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz, Head of General and Experimental Pathology at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow in the years 1879 to 1892, and who is now primarily remembered as the discoverer of the major radicular artery eponymically named "Adamkiewicz's artery." His work as an investigator of the variability of the vasculature of the spinal cord led to his major contributions to present clinical practice in such areas as vascular surgery, neurosurgery, pediatric surgery, and the surgery of the aorta, providing a permanent Polish eponymic accent in major textbooks in these specialties. This article also deals with Adamkiewicz's contributions in other fields, mostly involving the nervous system, such as the development of a new and original method for staining neuronal tissue (double staining of the spinal cord) and his extensive studies of spinal cord degeneration. The authors also present aspects of his career that brought ill fame to Adamkiewicz. These were his claims to have discovered the so-called nervous bodies and anticancer antitoxin, which were both severely criticized by his faculty peers at the Jagiellonian University. The biography is supplemented with an attempt at evaluating Adamkiewicz's entire scientific output, wherein unquestionable achievements and pointed discoveries prevail in comparison with failures.