Effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on liver function following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: It has been noted that following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), liver function parameters were disturbed. The causes of this disturbance are still controversial.
Patients and Methods: The serum levels of eight parameters of liver function were measured both before and 24 hours after surgery in 142 consecutive patients who underwent LC, 23 patients who underwent open cholecystectomy (OC), and in 25 patients who underwent a conventional hernial repair. The same anesthetic protocol was applied to all patients in the various groups and in the case of LC; the intra-abdominal pressure was maintained at 12 mmHg of CO2.
Results: Twenty-four (24) hours after surgery, there was a statistically significant change of all the eight parameters studied, except alkaline phosphatase in patients who underwent LC, whereas there were only 3 patients from the OC group who had changes of alanine aminotransferase and aspartite aminotransferase and 2 patients who had raised levels of direct bilirubin, and no changes were observed among those who had conventional hernial repair. We found that 83% of the patients showed more than a 100% increase in at least one parameter, 43% showed an increase in two or more parameters, and 23% showed an increase in three or more parameters. We also observed a significant drop of total proteins and albumin levels in all patients who had LC.
Conclusions: It appears that the pneumoperitoneum plays a major role in these changes. Although these changes of liver function were of no clinical relevance in healthy patients, the safety of the procedure must nonetheless be assessed in those with underlying liver diseases.