[Effects on distant metastasis of misdiagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the effects of situation of misdiagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) on distant metastasis.
Method: The history of diagnosis and treatment of 85 newly diagnosed cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were studied by using itemized questionnaire purposely; 433 patients with different prognosis were analyzed retrospectively for the misdiagnoses and mistreatment, including surgical biopsy in the neck.
Result: (1) The rate of misdiagnosis of 85 patients was 72.64%, and the percentage decreased as the level of the hospitals increased; the majority of the patients (77.36%) were diagnoses within 1 month after the first symptom had appeared; the number of diseases misdiagnosed was 20, most common of which were lymphnoditis, tuberculosis of lymph node and secretory tympanitis; (2) Our data showed that among 433 patients analysed retrospectively, 60 cases had undergone surgical biopsy in the neck, 75% of whom had never received nasopharyngeal biopsy; 43 cases had underwent nasopharyngeal biopsy after the pathological diagnosis as metastatic carcinoma of neck biopsy (71.67%) and the rest (20.0%) received radiotherapy directly or after negative nasopharyngeal biopsy for merely 1 to 4 times; of those 43 cases who were diagnosed as NPC by nasopharyngeal biopsy, 79.17% got positive results at first sampling. (3) Rate of misdiagnosis and mistreatment including surgical biopsy in the neck of patients who had been tumor-free for 5 years or above was significantly lower than that of those who experienced distant metastasis after or before treatment (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Misdiagnosis and mistreatment including biopsy by surgery of neck is common even in high-grade hospitals; it is doctor that is responsible for this situation; the high occurrence rate of misdiagnosis and mistreatment, biopsy by neck surgery, especially the delayed treatment after the neck biopsy are the factors that contribute to distant metastasis of NPC.