Restless legs syndrome in type 2 diabetes: implications to diabetes educators.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a background of restless legs syndrome (RLS), present the prevalence and demographic findings of a descriptive study of type 2 diabetes with RLS, and provide implications to diabetes educators on the management and education of RLS.
Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes who met the diagnostic criteria for RLS based on the International RLS Study Group Criteria were recruited from the PENN Rodebaugh Diabetes Center from July 2005 through September 2006. Participants who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were mailed a survey to collect data.
Results: Of 121 patients with type 2 diabetes, 54 (45%) of the screened sample met the 4 diagnostic criteria for RLS. Of those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the primary study, 18 patients with type 2 diabetes with RLS participated in this study. Along with diabetes, the participants had a variety of comorbid health conditions including hypertension, neuropathies, rheumatoid arthritis, renal failure, and irritable bowel syndrome. Only one third of the participants were being treated for RLS. Thirty-nine percent of the participants with type 2 diabetes were using insulin to manage their diabetes with other oral agents.
Conclusions: RLS is a sleep disorder that may affect the management of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes educators must know that sleep disorders can affect long-term health outcomes, and RLS is frequently seen in this cohort of patients.