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Evaluation of the butter flavoring chemical diacetyl and a fluorochemical paper additive for mutagenicity and toxicity using the mammalian cell gene mutation assay in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells.
- Source :
-
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association [Food Chem Toxicol] 2008 Aug; Vol. 46 (8), pp. 2928-33. Date of Electronic Publication: 2008 Jun 10. - Publication Year :
- 2008
-
Abstract
- Diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) is a yellowish liquid that is usually mixed with other ingredients to produce butter flavor or other flavors in a variety of food products. Inhalation of butter flavoring vapors was first associated with clinical bronchiolitis obliterans among workers in microwave popcorn production. Recent findings have shown irreversible obstructive lung disease among workers not only in the microwave popcorn industry, but also in flavoring manufacture, and in chemical synthesis of diacetyl, a predominant chemical for butter flavoring. It has been reported that perfluorochemicals utilized in food packaging are migrating into foods and may be sources of oral exposure. Relatively small quantities of perfluorochemicals are used in the manufacturing of paper or paperboard that is in direct contact with food to repel oil or grease and water. Because of recent concerns about perfluorochemicals such as those found on microwave popcorn bags (e.g. Lodyne P208E) and diacetyl in foods, we evaluated both compounds for mutagenicity using the mammalian cell gene mutation assay in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Lodyne P208E was less toxic than diacetyl and did not induce a mutagenic response. Diacetyl induced a highly mutagenic response in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma mutation assay in the presence of human liver S9 for activation. The increase in the frequency of small colonies in the assay with diacetyl indicates that diacetyl causes damage to multiple loci on chromosome 11 in addition to functional loss of the thymidine kinase locus.
- Subjects :
- Aneuploidy
Animals
Butter
Cell Line, Tumor
Chromosome Deletion
Colony-Forming Units Assay
Humans
Leukemia L5178
Liver drug effects
Liver metabolism
Mice
Mitosis drug effects
Mutagenicity Tests
Paper
Point Mutation drug effects
Translocation, Genetic drug effects
Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane toxicity
Diacetyl toxicity
Flavoring Agents toxicity
Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated toxicity
Mutagens
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0278-6915
- Volume :
- 46
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 18585428
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.001