A human PBPK/PD model to assess arsenic exposure risk through farmed tilapia consumption.

The purpose of this study was to develop a biologically based risk assessment model for human health through consumption of arsenic (As) contaminated farmed tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from blackfoot disease (BFD)-endemic area in Taiwan for estimating the consumption advice. We linked a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and a pharmacodynamic (PD) model to account for the exposure and dose-response profiles of As in human. Risk analysis indicates that consumption of farmed tilapia poses no significant threat from As-induced lung and bladder cancers. The predicted risk-based median consumption advice was no more than 5-17 meals month(-1) (or 2-6 g day(-1)).