Ovarian adrenal rest tumor in a congenital adrenal hyperplasia patient with adrenocorticotropin hypersecretion following adrenalectomy.

Objective: Ovarian adrenal rest tumors (OARTs) are rare in contrast to testicular adrenal rest tumors. We report a case of OART in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia who developed Nelson's syndrome after bilateral adrenalectomy.
Methods: We describe the clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings of the patient and review the relevant literature regarding OART and the possible interaction between ACTH and brown adipose tissue.
Results: An 18-year-old female with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, who had undergone bilateral adrenalectomy at the age of 10 years, presented with severe hyperpigmentation and hirsutism. Rectal ultrasonography showed a mass in the right ovary. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT revealed intense uptake both in this mass and in brown adipose tissue located in typical supradiaphragmatic sites. Laparoscopic removal of the ovarian mass confirmed the diagnosis of OART. A systematic review revealed 9 documented cases of OART. As in our case, all presented with elevated ACTH levels.
Conclusions: Common to all documented cases of OART are sustained high ACTH levels that activate the adrenal anlagen tissue in the ovaries.
(2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.)