Use of a collagen biomatrix (TissuDura) for dura repair: a long-term neuroradiological and neuropathological evaluation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, neuroradiological, and neuropathological outcomes of patients treated with equine collagen foil (TissuDura) as a dura mater substitute during cranial and spinal neurosurgical procedures.
Materials and Methods: All patients treated at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Second University of Naples with TissuDura between 2005 and 2009 were included. Dural reconstruction was performed using TissuDura, overlaid 1 cm over the dural defect with additional fixation using fibrin glue. No surgical sutures were used. Patients underwent postoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance scans at 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year after surgery to detect any cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, infections, inflammations, or CSF circulation in the surgical region.
Results: Dural reconstruction was performed in 74 patients, including 50 patients with tumors, two with C2 neurinoma, two with acoustic neurinoma, six with Chiari I malformation, two with severe head injury, and 12 requiring spinal surgery. Clinical and neuroradiological findings were normal and no signs of graft rejection or CSF leaks at postoperative follow-up were observed. In two cases of atypical meningioma, re-operation of the dural reconstruction was performed after 1 year. No adherences between brain and neodura were detected, and histopathological investigations demonstrated dural regeneration.
Conclusions: Following dural reconstructions with TissuDura without surgical sutures, no local toxicity or complications were observed for up to 1 year. TissuDura demonstrated elasticity, non-reactivity, and good adaptability. The overlay technique using fibrin glue was simple and fast. Future studies and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the efficacy of TissuDura.