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Gene and noncoding RNA regulation underlying photoreceptor protection: microarray study of dietary antioxidant saffron and photobiomodulation in rat retina.
- Source :
-
Molecular vision [Mol Vis] 2010 Sep 03; Vol. 16, pp. 1801-22. Date of Electronic Publication: 2010 Sep 03. - Publication Year :
- 2010
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Abstract
- Purpose: To identify the genes and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the neuroprotective actions of a dietary antioxidant (saffron) and of photobiomodulation (PBM).<br />Methods: We used a previously published assay of photoreceptor damage, in which albino Sprague Dawley rats raised in dim cyclic illumination (12 h 5 lux, 12 h darkness) were challenged by 24 h exposure to bright (1,000 lux) light. Experimental groups were protected against light damage by pretreatment with dietary saffron (1 mg/kg/day for 21 days) or PBM (9 J/cm(2) at the eye, daily for 5 days). RNA from one eye of four animals in each of the six experimental groups (control, light damage [LD], saffron, PBM, saffronLD, and PBMLD) was hybridized to Affymetrix rat genome ST arrays. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 14 selected genes was used to validate the microarray results.<br />Results: LD caused the regulation of 175 entities (genes and ncRNAs) beyond criterion levels (p<0.05 in comparison with controls, fold-change >2). PBM pretreatment reduced the expression of 126 of these 175 LD-regulated entities below criterion; saffron pretreatment reduced the expression of 53 entities (50 in common with PBM). In addition, PBM pretreatment regulated the expression of 67 entities not regulated by LD, while saffron pretreatment regulated 122 entities not regulated by LD (48 in common with PBM). PBM and saffron, given without LD, regulated genes and ncRNAs beyond criterion levels, but in lesser numbers than during their protective action. A high proportion of the entities regulated by LD (>90%) were known genes. By contrast, ncRNAs were prominent among the entities regulated by PBM and saffron in their neuroprotective roles (73% and 62%, respectively).<br />Conclusions: Given alone, saffron and (more prominently) PBM both regulated significant numbers of genes and ncRNAs. Given before retinal exposure to damaging light, thus while exerting their neuroprotective action, they regulated much larger numbers of entities, among which ncRNAs were prominent. Further, the downregulation of known genes and of ncRNAs was prominent in the protective actions of both neuroprotectants. These comparisons provide an overview of gene expression induced by two neuroprotectants and provide a basis for the more focused study of their mechanisms.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Cell Death drug effects
Cluster Analysis
Crocus chemistry
Cytoprotection drug effects
Cytoprotection radiation effects
Diet
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation radiation effects
Immunologic Factors pharmacology
Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate drug effects
Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate metabolism
Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate radiation effects
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Reproducibility of Results
Retina drug effects
Retina radiation effects
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Antioxidants pharmacology
Gene Expression Regulation drug effects
Light
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate cytology
RNA, Untranslated genetics
Retina metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1090-0535
- Volume :
- 16
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Molecular vision
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 20844572