Prevalence and clinical implication of complex atherosclerotic plaque in the descending thoracic aorta of Japanese patients assessed by transesophageal echocardiography.

Background: Aging and westernization of lifestyle has accelerated the prevalence and severity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in the Japanese population. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of complex plaque formation in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) as assessed by real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) and its relation to clinical factors.
Methods and Results: A prospective analysis of atherosclerotic plaque in the DTA of 350 consecutive patients who were clinically indicated for real-time 3DTEE was performed. Systematic assessment of the DTA plaques was performed using a biplane mode from the aorta at the level of the stomach to the aortic arch. When a large plaque (>4mm) was identified, detailed 3-dimensional (D) observations were performed using a 3D zoom mode. Complex plaque was defined as either mobile or an ulcer-like pouch in the DTA. Complex plaques were detected in 51 patients (15%), who were more advanced in age and had a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease. A multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of complex plaque was an independent predictor of renal impairment.
Conclusions: The prevalence of complex plaque was not low in the this Japanese study population. A close association between complex plaque and renal dysfunction raises the possibility that complex plaque in the DTA is a potential cause of renal dysfunction.