Coagulation and fibrinolytic disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Context: Studies of fibrinolysis/coagulation status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are contradictory.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate whether women with PCOS have disturbed circulating levels of fibrinolysis/coagulation markers and, if so, whether the disturbances are related to hemodynamics, metabolic variables, sex steroids, SHBG, lipids, and inflammatory variables in women with PCOS. DESIGN/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometric variables, hemodynamics, circulating hemostatic and inflammatory markers, and serum lipid profile were measured in women with untreated PCOS (n = 74) and controls (n = 31).
Results: After adjustments for age and body mass index (BMI), circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity and fibrinogen levels were higher in women with PCOS than controls; lipid profile, blood pressure, and levels of D-dimer, von Willebrand factor, factor VIII, tissue plasminogen activator, and inflammatory markers were comparable in the two groups. In multiple linear regression analyses including women with PCOS, low SHBG and high insulin predicted high PAI-1 activity (R(2) = 0.526; P < 0.001); elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and soluble E-selectin in combination with heart rate predicted high fibrinogen (R(2) = 0.333; P < 0.001). Differences in PAI-1 activity were not significant after adjustments for age, BMI, SHBG, and insulin.
Conclusions: PCOS is characterized by a prothrombotic state, as reflected by increased PAI-1 activity and fibrinogen, without signs of dyslipidemia or a proinflammatory state. Low SHBG and high insulin may partly explain the BMI-independent difference in PAI-1 activity between women with PCOS and controls. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and E-selectin may be involved in regulating fibrinogen in PCOS.