Morbidity Profiles of People Living With HIV/AIDS in Urban and Rural Inpatient and Outpatient Settings in Karnataka, South India.

We examined the morbidity profiles associated with people living with HIV infection in an urban HIV inpatient treatment site near the city of Bangalore, in southern Karnataka state, south India, and in a rural outpatient site in northern Karnataka. Data from March 2007 until July 2008 were analyzed. The urban cohort comprised 432 patients, and the most common comorbid conditions were unexplained prolonged fever (50.2%) and oral candidiasis (42.6%). The rural cohort comprised 2374 patients, and the most common comorbid conditions were unexplained prolonged fever (58.8%), minor mucocutaneous infections (58.4%), and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (52.3%). With less than 1% of patients in rural areas on treatment for tuberculosis (vs over one third in the urban cohort), tuberculosis is likely significantly underdiagnosed in rural areas. In addition, only 2.6% of rural outpatients who were eligible for antiretroviral treatment (ART), per Government of India guidelines, were actually on ART, compared to 31.6% of the urban population.