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Snake population venomics and antivenomics of Bothrops atrox: Paedomorphism along its transamazonian dispersal and implications of geographic venom variability on snakebite management.
- Source :
-
Journal of proteomics [J Proteomics] 2011 Apr 01; Vol. 74 (4), pp. 510-27. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 Jan 26. - Publication Year :
- 2011
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Abstract
- We describe two geographically differentiated venom phenotypes across the wide distribution range of Bothrops atrox, from the Colombian Magdalena Medio Valley through Puerto Ayacucho and El Paují, in the Venezuelan States of Amazonas and Orinoquia, respectively, and São Bento in the Brazilian State of Maranhão. Colombian and Venezuelan venoms show an ontogenetic toxin profile phenotype whereas Brazilian venoms exhibit paedomorphic phenotypes. Venoms from each of the 16 localities sampled contain both population-specific toxins and proteins shared by neighboring B. atrox populations. Mapping the molecular similarity between conspecific populations onto a physical map of B. atrox range provides clues for tracing dispersal routes that account for the current biogeographic distribution of the species. The proteomic pattern is consistent with a model of southeast and southwest dispersal and allopatric fragmentation northern of the Amazon Basin, and trans-Amazonian expansion through the Andean Corridor and across the Amazon river between Monte Alegre and Santarém. An antivenomic approach applied to assess the efficacy towards B. atrox venoms of two antivenoms raised in Costa Rica and Brazil using Bothrops venoms different than B. atrox in the immunization mixtures showed that both antivenoms immunodepleted very efficiently the major toxins (PIII-SVMPs, serine proteinases, CRISP, LAO) of paedomorphic venoms from Puerto Ayacucho (Venezuelan Amazonia) through São Bento, but had impaired reactivity towards PLA(2) and P-I SVMP molecules abundantly present in ontogenetic venoms. The degree of immunodepletion achieved suggests that each of these antivenoms may be effective against envenomations by paedomorphic, and some ontogenetic, B. atrox venoms.<br /> (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Antivenins metabolism
Crotalid Venoms metabolism
Demography
Female
Geography
Male
Population
Proteome metabolism
Proteomics
Rivers
Snakes metabolism
Snakes physiology
South America
Antigenic Variation physiology
Antivenins analysis
Bothrops metabolism
Crotalid Venoms analysis
Proteome analysis
Snake Bites therapy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1876-7737
- Volume :
- 74
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of proteomics
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21278006
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2011.01.003