High glucose increases susceptibility to oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in K-562 cells.

Aim: The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of several substrates on oxidative stress induced apoptosis and in K-562 cells.
Methods: Glucose at 5, 11 and 30 mM concentrations was tested, as well as 5 mM glutamine and 5 mM fructose. The cells were exposed to tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBH) and apoptotic cells were evaluated by flow cytometry with FITC-Annexin V and propidium iodide. The effect of glucose concentration on DNA damage was evaluated using hydrogen peroxide and electrophoretic "DNA comets" assay at 5 mM and 30 mM glucose concentrations.
Results: The exposure of cells to tBH resulted in increased number of apoptotic cells, and this effect was prevented by administration of an antioxidant - N-Acetyl cysteine. Rising concentrations of glucose added to the toxic effect of tBH; we also observed some toxic effect of fructose and no effect of glutamine. We found higher susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage with 30 mM glucose concentration.
Conclusion: Hyperglycemia increases the cell's susceptibility to oxidative stress and it also amplifies oxidative DNA damage. Glutamine - when used as a sole energetic substrate - showed no protective effect against oxidative stress.