Back to Search Start Over

Cyclic imines: chemistry and mechanism of action: a review.

Authors :
Otero A
Chapela MJ
Atanassova M
Vieites JM
Cabado AG
Source :
Chemical research in toxicology [Chem Res Toxicol] 2011 Nov 21; Vol. 24 (11), pp. 1817-29. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 Sep 09.
Publication Year :
2011

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increase in the production of shellfish and in global demand for seafood as nutritious and healthy food. Unfortunately, a significant number of incidences of shellfish poisoning occur worldwide, and microalgae that produce phycotoxins are responsible for most of these. Phycotoxins include several groups of small to medium sized natural products with molecular masses ranging from 300 to over 3000 Da. Cyclic imines (CIs) are a recently discovered group of marine biotoxins characterized by their fast acting toxicity, inducing a characteristic rapid death in the intraperitoneal mouse bioassay. These toxins are macrocyclic compounds with imine (carbon-nitrogen double bond) and spiro-linked ether moieties. They are grouped together due to the imino group functioning as their common pharmacore and due to the similarities in their intraperitoneal toxicity in mice. Spirolides (SPXs) are the largest group of CIs cyclic imines that together with gymnodimines (GYMs) are best characterized. Although the amount of cyclic imines in shellfish is not regulated and these substances have not been categorically linked to human intoxication, they trigger high intraperitoneal toxicity in rodents. In this review, the corresponding chemical structures of each member of the CIs and their derivatives are reviewed as well as all the data accumulated on their mechanism of action at cellular level.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1520-5010
Volume :
24
Issue :
11
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Chemical research in toxicology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
21739960
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1021/tx200182m