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Expression of herpes simplex virus 1-encoded microRNAs in human trigeminal ganglia and their relation to local T-cell infiltrates.
- Source :
-
Journal of virology [J Virol] 2011 Oct; Vol. 85 (19), pp. 9680-5. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 Jul 27. - Publication Year :
- 2011
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Abstract
- Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus which establishes lifelong latency in human trigeminal ganglia (TG). Currently, two nonexclusive control mechanisms of HSV-1 latency are discussed: antiviral CD8(+) T cells and viral microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by the latency associated transcript (LAT). We investigate here to what extent these mechanisms may contribute to the maintenance of HSV-1 latency. We show that only a small proportion of LAT(+) neurons is surrounded by T cells in human TG. This indicates that viral latency in human TG might be controlled by other mechanisms such as viral miRNAs. Therefore, we assessed TG sections for the presence of HSV-1 miRNA, DNA, and mRNA by combining LAT in situ hybridization, T-cell immunohistochemistry, and single cell analysis of laser-microdissected sensory neurons. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that LAT(+) neurons with or without surrounding T cells were always positive for HSV-1 miRNAs and DNA. Furthermore, ICP0 mRNA could rarely be detected only in LAT(+) neurons, as analyzed by single-cell RT-PCR. In contrast, in LAT(-) neurons that were surrounded by T cells, neither miRNAs nor the DNA of HSV-1, HSV-2, or varicella-zoster virus could be detected. These data indicate that the majority of LAT(+) neurons is not directly controlled by T cells. However, miRNA expression in every latently infected neuron would provide an additional checkpoint before viral replication is initiated.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Child
Female
Herpesvirus 1, Human growth & development
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Infant
Male
Middle Aged
RNA, Viral biosynthesis
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Trigeminal Ganglion pathology
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Herpesvirus 1, Human pathogenicity
MicroRNAs biosynthesis
T-Lymphocytes immunology
Trigeminal Ganglion virology
Virus Latency
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1098-5514
- Volume :
- 85
- Issue :
- 19
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of virology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 21795359
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00874-11