Electrophysiological assessment of auditory stimulus-specific plasticity in schizophrenia.

Background: Disrupted neuroplasticity may be an important aspect of the neural basis of schizophrenia. We used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to assay neuroplasticity after auditory conditioning in chronic schizophrenia patients (SZ) and matched healthy control subjects (HC).
Methods: Subjects (15 HC, 14 SZ) performed an auditory oddball task during electroencephalogram recording before and after auditory tetanic stimulation (Pre/Post Blocks). Each oddball block consisted of 1000-Hz and 1500-Hz standards and 400-Hz targets. During tetanic conditioning, 1000-Hz tones were presented at 11 Hz for 2.4 min. We analyzed the standard trials, comparing the ERPs evoked by the tetanized stimuli (1000 Hz tones: TS+) and untetanized stimuli (1500 Hz tones: TS-) in the Post Blocks with ERPs from the Pre Blocks (averaged into Baseline ERPs).
Results: In Post Block 1 in HC, TS+ tones evoked a negative shift (60-350 msec) at right temporal electrodes relative to Baseline. No pre-/post-tetanus effects were found in SZ. In Post Block 2 in HC, TS+ tones evoked a positive shift (200-300 msec) at bilateral frontal electrodes. In SZ, TS+ tones evoked a positive shift (100-400 msec) at right frontotemporal electrodes. No pre-/post-tetanus effects were found in either subject group for the TS- tones. The right temporal Post Block 1 and 2 effects were correlated in SZ, suggesting a trade-off in the expression of these effects.
Conclusions: These results suggest that stimulus-specific auditory neuroplasticity is abnormal in schizophrenia. The electrophysiologic assessment of stimulus-specific plasticity may yield novel targets for drug treatment in schizophrenia.
(Copyright © 2012 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)