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Antibacterial and physical properties of calcium-phosphate and calcium-fluoride nanocomposites with chlorhexidine.
- Source :
-
Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials [Dent Mater] 2012 May; Vol. 28 (5), pp. 573-83. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Feb 06. - Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Objectives: Previous studies have developed calcium phosphate and fluoride releasing composites. Other studies have incorporated chlorhexidine (CHX) particles into dental composites. However, CHX has not been incorporated in calcium phosphate and fluoride composites. The objectives of this study were to develop nanocomposites containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) or calcium fluoride (CaF(2)) nanoparticles and CHX particles, and investigate Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and lactic acid production for the first time.<br />Methods: Chlorhexidine was frozen via liquid nitrogen and ground to obtain a particle size of 0.62 μm. Four nanocomposites were fabricated with fillers of: nano ACP; nano ACP+10% CHX; nano CaF(2); nano CaF(2)+10% CHX. Three commercial materials were tested as controls: a resin-modified glass ionomer, and two composites. S. mutans live/dead assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, biofilm metabolic activity, and lactic acid were measured.<br />Results: Adding CHX fillers to ACP and CaF(2) nanocomposites greatly increased their antimicrobial capability. ACP and CaF(2) nanocomposites with CHX that were inoculated with S. mutans had a growth medium pH>6.5 after 3 d, while the control commercial composites had a cariogenic pH of 4.2. Nanocomposites with CHX reduced the biofilm metabolic activity by 10-20 folds and reduced the acid production, compared to the controls. CFU on nanocomposites with CHX were three orders of magnitude less than that on commercial composite. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites with CHX matched a commercial composite without fluoride.<br />Significance: The novel calcium phosphate and fluoride nanocomposites could be rendered antibacterial with CHX to greatly reduce biofilm formation, acid production, CFU and metabolic activity. The antimicrobial and remineralizing nanocomposites with good mechanical properties may be promising for a wide range of tooth restorations with anti-caries capabilities.<br /> (Copyright © 2012 Academy of Dental Materials. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry
Bacterial Load drug effects
Biofilms drug effects
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate chemistry
Calcium Fluoride chemistry
Calcium Phosphates chemistry
Chlorhexidine chemistry
Composite Resins chemistry
Dental Materials chemistry
Diffusion
Freezing
Glass chemistry
Glass Ionomer Cements chemistry
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Lactic Acid analysis
Materials Testing
Microbial Viability drug effects
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Particle Size
Pliability
Polyethylene Glycols chemistry
Polymethacrylic Acids chemistry
Resin Cements chemistry
Streptococcus mutans drug effects
Stress, Mechanical
Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
Calcium Fluoride pharmacology
Calcium Phosphates pharmacology
Chlorhexidine pharmacology
Composite Resins pharmacology
Dental Materials pharmacology
Nanocomposites chemistry
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-0097
- Volume :
- 28
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 22317794
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.01.006