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Characterising the mucosal and systemic immune responses to experimental human hookworm infection.
- Source :
-
PLoS pathogens [PLoS Pathog] 2012 Feb; Vol. 8 (2), pp. e1002520. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Feb 09. - Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- The mucosal cytokine response of healthy humans to parasitic helminths has never been reported. We investigated the systemic and mucosal cytokine responses to hookworm infection in experimentally infected, previously hookworm naive individuals from non-endemic areas. We collected both peripheral blood and duodenal biopsies to assess the systemic immune response, as well as the response at the site of adult worm establishment. Our results show that experimental hookworm infection leads to a strong systemic and mucosal Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) response, with some evidence of a Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) response. Despite upregulation after patency of both IL-15 and ALDH1A2, a known Th17-inducing combination in inflammatory diseases, we saw no evidence of a Th17 (IL-17) response. Moreover, we observed strong suppression of mucosal IL-23 and upregulation of IL-22 during established hookworm infection, suggesting a potential mechanism by which Th17 responses are suppressed, and highlighting the potential that hookworms and their secreted proteins offer as therapeutics for human inflammatory diseases.
- Subjects :
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
Animals
Antigens, Helminth blood
Antigens, Helminth immunology
Australia
Autoimmunity immunology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Hookworm Infections parasitology
Human Experimentation
Humans
Immunity, Mucosal immunology
Interleukins metabolism
Larva
Mucous Membrane metabolism
Parasite Egg Count
Retinal Dehydrogenase blood
Retinal Dehydrogenase metabolism
Single-Blind Method
Th1 Cells immunology
Th1 Cells parasitology
Th2 Cells immunology
Th2 Cells parasitology
Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism
Ancylostomatoidea immunology
Hookworm Infections immunology
Interleukins blood
Transforming Growth Factor beta blood
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1553-7374
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- PLoS pathogens
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 22346753
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002520