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Size-dependent toxicity of nano-C60 aggregates: more sensitive indication by apoptosis-related Bax translocation in cultured human cells.
- Source :
-
Environmental science & technology [Environ Sci Technol] 2012 Mar 20; Vol. 46 (6), pp. 3457-64. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Mar 07. - Publication Year :
- 2012
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Abstract
- The toxicity of NPs is not well characterized in terms of their size. In particular, the size-based toxicity of fullerene (C(60)) remains an issue because of a lack of C(60) NPs with a well-controlled size. In this work, six fractions of the nano-C(60) aggregates (nC(60)) with different size distribution were prepared by a simple differential centrifugation. By using these nC(60) fractions, we demonstrate the size-dependent inhibition of DNA polymerase and reduced-size enhanced cytotoxicity. Above all, we found that nC(60) NPs with smaller size may have higher toxicity potency. These size-dependent effects were observed at the high exposure doses (4-6 mg/L). Interestingly, at 20-times lower and noncytotoxic doses, the size-dependent effect can be indicated by apoptosis-related fluorescent protein fused Bax translocation. Considering the toxicity of NPs is often ignored in the traditional end-point analysis for cytotoxicity when the exposure dose is low, the findings presented here will assist in the evaluation of the size-dependent cytotoxicity and dose-response relationships of toxicity mediated by nC(60) NPs at low doses.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1520-5851
- Volume :
- 46
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental science & technology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 22352688
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/es2039008