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Biliverdin reductase: more than a namesake - the reductase, its Peptide fragments, and biliverdin regulate activity of the three classes of protein kinase C.
- Source :
-
Frontiers in pharmacology [Front Pharmacol] 2012 Mar 13; Vol. 3, pp. 31. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Mar 13 (Print Publication: 2012). - Publication Year :
- 2012
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Abstract
- The expanse of human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) functions in the cells is arguably unmatched by any single protein. hBVR is a Ser/Thr/Tyr-kinase, a scaffold protein, a transcription factor, and an intracellular transporter of gene regulators. hBVR is an upstream activator of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway and of protein kinase C (PKC) kinases in the two major arms of the pathway. In addition, it is the sole means for generating the antioxidant bilirubin-IXα. hBVR is essential for activation of ERK1/2 kinases by upstream MAPKK-MEK and by PKCδ, as well as the nuclear import and export of ERK1/2. Small fragments of hBVR are potent activators and inhibitors of the ERK kinases and PKCs: as such, they suggest the potential application of BVR-based technology in therapeutic settings. Presently, we have reviewed the function of hBVR in cell signaling with an emphasis on regulation of PKCδ activity.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1663-9812
- Volume :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in pharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 22419908
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2012.00031