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Exhaled breath and fecal volatile organic biomarkers of chronic kidney disease.
- Source :
-
Biochimica et biophysica acta [Biochim Biophys Acta] 2013 Mar; Vol. 1830 (3), pp. 2531-7. - Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Background: While much is known about the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on composition of body fluids little is known regarding its impact on the gases found in exhaled breath or produced by intestinal microbiome. We have recently shown significant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiome in humans and animals with CKD. This study tested the hypothesis that uremia-induced changes in cellular metabolism and intestinal microbiome may modify the volatile organic metabolites found in the exhaled breath or generated by intestinal flora.<br />Methods: SD rats were randomized to CKD (5/6 nephrectomy) or control (sham operation) groups. Exhaled breath was collected by enclosing each animal in a glass chamber flushed with clean air, then sealed for 45 min and the trapped air collected. Feces were collected, dissolved in pure water, incubated at 37 degrees C in glass reactors for 24 h and the trapped air collected. Collected gases were analyzed by gas chromatography.<br />Results: Over 50 gases were detected in the exhaled breath and 36 in cultured feces. Four gases in exhaled breath and 4 generated by cultured feces were significantly different in the two groups. The exhaled breath in CKD rats showed an early rise in isoprene and a late fall in linear aldehydes. The CKD animals' cultured feces released larger amounts of dimethyldisulfide, dimethyltrisulfide, and two thioesters.<br />Conclusions: CKD significantly changes the composition of exhaled breath and gaseous products of intestinal flora.<br />General Significance: Analysis of breath and bowel gases may provide useful biomarkers for detection and progression of CKD and its complications.
- Subjects :
- Aldehydes analysis
Aldehydes metabolism
Animals
Biomarkers analysis
Biomarkers metabolism
Breath Tests
Butadienes analysis
Butadienes metabolism
Chromatography, Gas
Disease Models, Animal
Disease Progression
Disulfides analysis
Disulfides metabolism
Exhalation
Feces chemistry
Gases metabolism
Hemiterpenes analysis
Hemiterpenes metabolism
Humans
Male
Metagenome
Nephrectomy
Pentanes analysis
Pentanes metabolism
Rats
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic pathology
Sulfides analysis
Sulfides metabolism
Volatile Organic Compounds metabolism
Gases analysis
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic metabolism
Volatile Organic Compounds analysis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0006-3002
- Volume :
- 1830
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Biochimica et biophysica acta
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 23274524
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.006