Sonographic management of complicated cystic echinococcosis.

Introduction: In this survey we evaluated the usefulness of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis, and in the treatment of complicated hydatid cysts.
Materials and Methods: From June 1985 to June 2004, 221 patients with 294 hydatid cysts were examined. Twenty patients (9.0%) presented 22 complicated cysts (7.4%): 9 with infection, 5 ruptured into the bile ducts, 2 bilomas, 2 cysto-pleural fistulas, 2 allergic reactions, 1 rupture into the peritoneum and 1 intrasplenic hematoma. In all cases, US yielded a specific or suspected diagnosis, also in complications affecting non-hepatic sites, confirmed by computed tomography (CT), endoscopic papillotomy or percutaneous US-guided sampling. All patients with complicated cystic echinococcosis were treated with Albendazole 800 mg/day for at least 3 months. In addition to this therapy, 12 underwent US-guided drainage (9 infected cysts, 2 bilomas, 2 cysto-pleural fistulas, 1 intrasplenic hematoma); of these patients 3 subsequently underwent surgery because US-guided treatment was ineffective. Five patients were treated with perendoscopic sphincterotomy for obstruction of the bile passages, while 3 patients received only medical therapy.
Results: Medical, echoguided and surgical treatments led to resolution of the complications and complete remission of the parasitic pathology in 19/20 patients (95%) and in 21/22 cysts (95.4%). There was partial remission in 1 case only. The therapy did not cause major complications and the results were confirmed during follow-up lasting from 5 months to 15 years (mean time 3 years).
Discussion and Conclusion: This study shows that the incidence of complications of hydatid cysts is low and that correct echographic management allows a rapid diagnosis and optimization of treatment in most cases.