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Insulin signalling mechanisms for triacylglycerol storage.
- Source :
-
Diabetologia [Diabetologia] 2013 May; Vol. 56 (5), pp. 949-64. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Feb 27. - Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Insulin signalling is uniquely required for storing energy as fat in humans. While de novo synthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerol occurs mostly in liver, adipose tissue is the primary site for triacylglycerol storage. Insulin signalling mechanisms in adipose tissue that stimulate hydrolysis of circulating triacylglycerol, uptake of the released fatty acids and their conversion to triacylglycerol are poorly understood. New findings include (1) activation of DNA-dependent protein kinase to stimulate upstream stimulatory factor (USF)1/USF2 heterodimers, enhancing the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c); (2) stimulation of fatty acid synthase through AMP kinase modulation; (3) mobilisation of lipid droplet proteins to promote retention of triacylglycerol; and (4) upregulation of a novel carbohydrate response element binding protein β isoform that potently stimulates transcription of lipogenic enzymes. Additionally, insulin signalling through mammalian target of rapamycin to activate transcription and processing of SREBP1c described in liver may apply to adipose tissue. Paradoxically, insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes is associated with increased triacylglycerol synthesis in liver, while it is decreased in adipose tissue. This and other mysteries about insulin signalling and insulin resistance in adipose tissue make this topic especially fertile for future research.
- Subjects :
- Adipose Tissue immunology
Animals
Cytokines metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 immunology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism
Humans
Insulin Resistance
Lipogenesis
Lipolysis
Liver immunology
Liver metabolism
Obesity immunology
Obesity metabolism
Triglycerides biosynthesis
Adipose Tissue metabolism
Energy Metabolism
Insulin metabolism
Signal Transduction
Triglycerides metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1432-0428
- Volume :
- 56
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Diabetologia
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 23443243
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-013-2869-1