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T cells contribute to stroke-induced lymphopenia in rats.
- Source :
-
PloS one [PLoS One] 2013; Vol. 8 (3), pp. e59602. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Mar 15. - Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Stroke-induced immunodepression (SIID) results when T cell and non-T immune cells, such as B cells, NK cells and monocytes, are reduced in the peripheral blood and spleen after stroke. We investigated the hypothesis that T cells are required for the reductions in non-T cell subsets observed in SIID, and further examined a potential correlation between lymphopenia and High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) release, a protein that regulates inflammation and immunodepression. Our results showed that focal ischemia resulted in similar cortical infarct sizes in both wild type (WT) Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and nude rats with a SD genetic background, which excludes the possibility of different infarct sizes affecting SIID. In addition, the numbers of CD68-positive macrophages in the ischemic brain did not differ between WT and nude rats. Numbers of total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or splenocytes and lymphocyte subsets, including T cells, CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells, B cells and monocytes in the blood and spleen, were decreased after stroke in WT rats. In nude rats, however, the total number of PBMCs and absolute numbers of NK cells, B cells and monocytes were increased in the peripheral blood after stroke; nude rats are athymic therefore they have few T cells present. Adoptive transfer of WT splenocytes into nude rats before stroke resulted in lymphopenia after stroke similar to WT rats. Moreover, in vitro T cell proliferation stimulated by Concanavalin A was significantly inhibited in WT rats as well as in nude rats receiving WT splenocyte adoptive transfer, suggesting that T cell function is indeed inhibited after stroke. Lastly, we demonstrated that stroke-induced lymphopenia is associated with a reduction in HMGB1 release in the peripheral blood. In conclusion, T cells are required for stroke-induced reductions in non-T immune cells and they are the most crucial lymphocytes for SIID.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Brain Infarction etiology
Brain Infarction immunology
Brain Infarction pathology
Breeding
Cell Proliferation drug effects
Glycyrrhizic Acid pharmacology
HMGB1 Protein antagonists & inhibitors
HMGB1 Protein blood
HMGB1 Protein metabolism
Lymphopenia metabolism
Macrophages drug effects
Macrophages immunology
Male
Rats
Species Specificity
Spleen immunology
T-Lymphocytes drug effects
T-Lymphocytes immunology
T-Lymphocytes metabolism
Transplants
Lymphopenia etiology
Lymphopenia immunology
Stroke complications
T-Lymphocytes pathology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1932-6203
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- PloS one
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 23555048
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059602