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Photodynamic fungicidal efficacy of hypericin and dimethyl methylene blue against azole-resistant Candida albicans strains.
- Source :
-
Mycoses [Mycoses] 2014 Jan; Vol. 57 (1), pp. 35-42. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Jun 12. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging alternative to treat infections based on the use of photosensitisers (PSs) and visible light. To investigate the fungicidal effect of PDT against azole-resistant Candida albicans strains using two PSs with a different mechanism of action, hypericin (HYP) and 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB), comparing their efficacy and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) species involved in their cytotoxicity. Azole-resistant and the azole-susceptible C. albicans strains were used. Solutions of 0.5 and 4 McFarland inoculum of each Candida strain were treated with different concentrations of each PS, and exposed to two light-emitting diode light fluences (18 and 37 J cm⁻²). Mechanistic insight was gained using several ROS quenchers. The minimal fungicidal concentration of HYP for ≥3 log₁₀ CFU reduction (0.5 McFarland) was 0.62 μmol l⁻¹ for most strains, whereas for DMMB it ranged between 1.25 and 2.5 μmol l⁻¹. Increasing the fluence to 37 J cm⁻² allowed to reduce the DMMB concentration. Higher concentrations of both PSs were required to reach a 6 log₁₀ reduction (4 McFarland). H₂O₂ was the main phototoxic species involved in the fungicidal effect of HYP-aPDT whereas ¹O₂ was more important for DMMB-based treatments. aPDT with either HYP or DMMB is effective in killing of C. albicans strains independent of their azole resistance pattern. HYP was more efficient at low fungal concentration and DMMB at higher concentrations.<br /> (© 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.)
- Subjects :
- Anthracenes
Candida albicans growth & development
Candidiasis drug therapy
Candidiasis microbiology
Combined Modality Therapy
Humans
Light
Methylene Blue pharmacology
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Perylene pharmacology
Photochemotherapy
Antifungal Agents pharmacology
Azoles pharmacology
Candida albicans drug effects
Candida albicans radiation effects
Drug Resistance, Fungal
Methylene Blue analogs & derivatives
Perylene analogs & derivatives
Photosensitizing Agents pharmacology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1439-0507
- Volume :
- 57
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Mycoses
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 23905682
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12099