Supplemental screening ultrasound increases cancer detection yield in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Introduction: This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of ultrasound for the early detection of breast cancers in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
Methods: Between 01/1997 and 10/2008 221 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers participated in a breast cancer screening program which included semi-annual ultrasound in combination with annual mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Women underwent on average (median) five semi-annual screening rounds with a range of one to 22 appointments, totaling 1,855 rounds of screening. All three imaging modalities were coded according to the American College of Radiology (BI-RADS classification).
Results: In total, we detected 27 BRCA-associated breast cancers in 25 patients. The sensitivity was 77% for ultrasound, 27% for mammography, and 100% for MRI. Three tumors were detected directly as a result of only the semi-annual ultrasound screen.
Conclusions: Due to the specific tumor morphology and the considerably elevated tumor doubling time, mutation carriers benefit from the addition of semi-annual ultrasound screening as a sensitive and cost-effective method.