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Catecholaminergic gene variants: contribution in ADHD and associated comorbid attributes in the eastern Indian probands.
- Source :
-
BioMed research international [Biomed Res Int] 2013; Vol. 2013, pp. 918410. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Sep 19. - Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Contribution of genes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been explored in various populations, and several genes were speculated to contribute small but additive effects. We have assessed variants in four genes, DDC (rs3837091 and rs3735273), DRD2 (rs1800496, rs1801028, and rs1799732), DRD4 (rs4646984 and rs4646983), and COMT (rs165599 and rs740603) in Indian ADHD subjects with comorbid attributes. Cases were recruited following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV-TR after obtaining informed written consent. DNA isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of ADHD probands (N = 170), their parents (N = 310), and ethnically matched controls (n = 180) was used for genotyping followed by population- and family-based analyses by the UNPHASED program. DRD4 sites showed significant difference in allelic frequencies by case-control analysis, while DDC and COMT exhibited bias in familial transmission (P < 0.05). rs3837091 "AGAG," rs3735273 "A," rs1799732 "C," rs740603 "G," rs165599 "G" and single repeat alleles of rs4646984/rs4646983 showed positive correlation with co-morbid characteristics (P < 0.05). Multi dimensionality reduction analysis of case-control data revealed significant interactive effects of all four genes (P < 0.001), while family-based data showed interaction between DDC and DRD2 (P = 0.04). This first study on these gene variants in Indo-Caucasoid ADHD probands and associated co-morbid conditions indicates altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in ADHD.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Asian People genetics
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity enzymology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology
Case-Control Studies
Child
Child, Preschool
Comorbidity
Dopa Decarboxylase genetics
Epistasis, Genetic
Female
Gene Frequency
Genetic Variation
Humans
India epidemiology
Male
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
White People genetics
Young Adult
Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases genetics
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity genetics
Catechol O-Methyltransferase genetics
Catecholamines genetics
Receptors, Dopamine D2 genetics
Receptors, Dopamine D4 genetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2314-6141
- Volume :
- 2013
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- BioMed research international
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 24163823
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/918410