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Control of iodine-deficiency disorders following universal salt iodization in Shenzhen, China, 1997-2011.
- Source :
-
Food and nutrition bulletin [Food Nutr Bull] 2013 Sep; Vol. 34 (3), pp. 331-7. - Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Background: Since universal salt iodization (USI) was implemented in Shenzhen, China, in 1996, evaluation of the time trend of USI to indicate the control of iodine-deficiency disorders has not been performed.<br />Objective: To assess the time trend of median urinary iodine and total goiter rates from 1997 to 2011.<br />Methods: Probability-proportionate-to-size sampling was employed in the surveillance of iodine-deficiency disorders, for which schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years were randomly selected from five districts of the city during each iodine-deficiency disorders survey. Urinary iodine content and thyroid size were measured by ammonium persulfate oxidation and B ultrasound, respectively.<br />Results: The coverage of iodized salt increased from 73.2% in 1997 to more than 90% in 2011. The median urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years varied between 207.1 and 278.8 microg/L; these levels were above the urinary iodine level in 1995. The proportion of urine samples with iodine content above 300 microg/L was 45.6% in 1997 and decreased to 20.8% in 2011, indicating excessive consumption of iodine by the children. The goiter rate among children dropped from 10.8% in 1997 to 1.3% in 2011; both values were lower than the goiter rate in 1995, indicating that the spread of endemic goiter was under control.<br />Conclusions: Preliminary elimination of iodine-deficiency disorders was achieved by USI in Shenzhen. Nevertheless, some problems still existed, such as over-iodization. To clarify the causes of excessive urinary iodine content, the various sources of iodine from the diet need to be investigated in the future.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Biomarkers urine
Child
China epidemiology
Female
Goiter, Endemic epidemiology
Goiter, Endemic urine
Health Promotion methods
Health Promotion statistics & numerical data
Humans
Iodine administration & dosage
Iodine urine
Male
Organ Size
Population Surveillance methods
Program Evaluation methods
Program Evaluation statistics & numerical data
Thyroid Gland diagnostic imaging
Ultrasonography
Urban Population statistics & numerical data
Young Adult
Goiter, Endemic prevention & control
Iodine deficiency
Sodium Chloride, Dietary administration & dosage
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0379-5721
- Volume :
- 34
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Food and nutrition bulletin
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 24167913
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1177/156482651303400305